The Tower Balance

The Tower is one of the only cards in the deck that has energy that always belongs in the moment. While most cards confine their energy to the position in which they land, The Tower is about the here and now no matter where it falls in the Tarot spread.

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By (1563)The Tower of Babel (: מִגְדַּל בָּבֶל‎, Migdal Bavel) narrative in 11:1–9 is an meant to explain why the world's peoples speak different languages.According to the story, a united human race in the generations following the, speaking a single language and migrating westward, comes to the land of ( שִׁנְעָר). There they agree to build a city and a tower tall enough to reach heaven. God, observing their city and tower, confounds their speech so that they can no longer understand each other, and scatters them around the world.Some modern scholars have associated the Tower of Babel with known structures, notably the, a dedicated to the god in. A story with some similar elements is told in. German Late Medieval (c. 1370s) depiction of the construction of the tower1 And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.2 And it came to pass, as they journeyed from the east, that they found a plain in the land of Shinar; and they dwelt there.3 And they said one to another, Go to, let us make brick, and burn them throughly. See also: and Sumerian and Assyrian parallelThere is a similar to that of the Tower of Babel, called, whereof is building a massive in and demands a tribute of precious materials from for its construction, at one point reciting an incantation imploring the god to restore (or in Kramer's translation, to disrupt) the linguistic unity of the inhabited regions—named as, Sumer, (Akkad), and the land, 'the whole universe, the well-guarded people—may they all address Enlil together in a single language.'

In addition, a further myth, dating from the 8th century BC during the (911–605 BC) bears a number of similarities to the later written Biblical story. MexicoVarious traditions similar to that of the tower of Babel are found in Central America. Some writers connected the to the Tower of Babel.

The (1537–1588) reported hearing an account about the pyramid from a hundred-year-old priest at Cholula, shortly after the conquest of Mexico. He wrote that he was told when the light of the sun first appeared upon the land, giants appeared and set off in search of the sun. Not finding it, they built a tower to reach the sky.

An angered God of the Heavens called upon the inhabitants of the sky, who destroyed the tower and scattered its inhabitants. The story was not related to either a flood or the confusion of languages, although Frazer connects its construction and the scattering of the giants with the Tower of Babel.Another story, attributed by the native historian (c. 1565–1648) to the ancient, states that after men had multiplied following a great deluge, they erected a tall zacuali or tower, to preserve themselves in the event of a second deluge. However, their languages were confounded and they went to separate parts of the earth. ArizonaStill another story, attributed to the, holds that escaped a great flood, then became wicked and attempted to build a house reaching to heaven, but the Great Spirit destroyed it with thunderbolts.

NepalTraces of a somewhat similar story have also been reported among the of and northern India. BotswanaAccording to, the people he met living near in 1849 had such a tradition, but with the builders' heads getting 'cracked by the fall of the scaffolding'. Other traditionsIn his 1918 book, Scottish social anthropologist Sir documented similarities between Old Testament stories, such as the Flood, and indigenous legends around the world. He identified Livingston's account with a tale found in, wherein the wicked men build a tower of masts to pursue the Creator-God, Nyambe, who has fled to Heaven on a spider-web, but the men perish when the masts collapse.

He further relates similar tales of the that substitute a pile of porridge pestles for the masts. Frazer moreover cites such legends found among the, as well as in, where the men stack poles or trees in a failed attempt to reach the moon. He further cited the and of as having a similar story. The traditions of the of, which Frazer considered to show clear 'Abrahamic' influence, also relate that their ancestors migrated there following the abandonment of a great in the land of the 30 generations from Adam, when the languages were confused and the Karen separated from the Karenni. He notes yet another version current in the, where mankind's languages are confused following a failed attempt to build houses reaching to heaven.Historical context. (19th century illustration), depicts the Tower of Babel in the background.Biblical scholars see the Book of Genesis as and not as a historical account of events. Nonetheless, the story of Babel can be interpreted in terms of its context.states that Babel (: Βαβυλών) formed part of 's kingdom.

The Bible does not specifically mention that Nimrod ordered the building of the tower, but many other sources have associated its construction with Nimrod.attributes the version of the name, Babel, to the verb balal, which means to confuse or confound in Hebrew. The first century Roman-Jewish author Flavius Josephus similarly explained that the name was derived from the Hebrew word Babel (βαβὲλ), meaning 'confusion'. This section needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: – ( October 2019) The account in Genesis makes no mention of any destruction of the tower.

The people whose languages are confounded were simply scattered from there over the face of the Earth and stopped building their city. However, in other sources, such as the (chapter 10 v.18–27), (frag. 5 and 6), ( Antiquities 1.4.3), and the (iii.

117–129), God overturns the tower with a great wind. In the, it said that the top of the tower was burnt, the bottom was swallowed, and the middle was left standing to erode over time.Etemenanki, the ziggurat at Babylon. Main article:Etemenanki (: 'temple of the foundation of heaven and earth') was the name of a ziggurat dedicated to Marduk in the city of Babylon. It was famously rebuilt by the 6th-century BCE Neo-Babylonian dynasty rulers. According to modern scholars, such as, the biblical story of the Tower of Babel was likely influenced by Etemenanki during the of the Hebrews.Nebuchadnezzar wrote that the original tower had been built in antiquity: 'A former king built the Temple of the Seven Lights of the Earth, but he did not complete its head. Since a remote time, people had abandoned it, without order expressing their words. Since that time earthquakes and lightning had dispersed its sun-dried clay; the bricks of the casing had split, and the earth of the interior had been scattered in heaps.'

The seven lights were the planets the Moon and sun thought to orbit Earth in beliefs.In 2011 scholars discovered, in the, the oldest known representation of the Etemenanki. Carved on a black stone, The Tower of Babel Stele (as it is known) dates from 604 to 562 BCE, the time of Nebuchadnezzar II.The Greek historian (440 BCE) later wrote of this ziggurat, which he called the 'Temple of Zeus Belus', giving an account of its vast dimensions.The already decayed Great Ziggurat of Babylon was finally destroyed by in an attempt to rebuild it. He managed to move the tiles of the tower to another location, but his death stopped the reconstruction.speculated that the authors of were inspired by the existence of an apparently incomplete ziggurat at Babylon, and by the phonological similarity between Babylonian Bab-ilu, meaning 'gate of God', and the Hebrew word balal, meaning 'mixed', 'confused', or 'confounded'. In other sources Book of JubileesThe Book of Jubilees contains one of the most detailed accounts found anywhere of the Tower.And they began to build, and in the fourth week they made brick with fire, and the bricks served them for stone, and the clay with which they cemented them together was asphalt which comes out of the sea, and out of the fountains of water in the land of Shinar. And they built it: forty and three years were they building it; its breadth was 203 bricks, and the height of a brick was the third of one; its height amounted to 5433 and 2 palms, and the extent of one wall was thirteen and of the other thirty stades.

(Jubilees 10:20–21, Charles' 1913 translation) Pseudo-PhiloIn, the direction for the building is ascribed not only to Nimrod, who is made prince of the, but also to, as prince of the, and to Phenech son of, as prince of the. Twelve men are arrested for refusing to bring bricks, including, and several sons of Joktan. However, Joktan finally saves the twelve from the wrath of the other two princes. Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews. Tower of Babel, by, 1594,The Jewish-Roman historian Flavius Josephus, in his (c. 94 CE), recounted history as found in the and mentioned the Tower of Babel.

He wrote that it was Nimrod who had the tower built and that Nimrod was a tyrant who tried to turn the people away from God. In this account, God confused the people rather than destroying them because annihilation with a Flood had not taught them to be godly.Now it was Nimrod who excited them to such an affront and contempt of God. He was the grandson of Ham, the son of Noah, a bold man, and of great strength of hand. He persuaded them not to ascribe it to God as if it were through his means they were happy, but to believe that it was their own courage which procured that happiness. He also gradually changed the government into, seeing no other way of turning men from the fear of God, but to bring them into a constant dependence on his power.

Now the multitude were very ready to follow the determination of Nimrod and to esteem it a piece of cowardice to submit to God; and they built a tower, neither sparing any pains, nor being in any degree negligent about the work: and, by reason of the multitude of hands employed in it, it grew very high, sooner than any one could expect; but the thickness of it was so great, and it was so strongly built, that thereby its great height seemed, upon the view, to be less than it really was. It was built of burnt brick, cemented together with mortar, made of, that it might not be liable to admit water. When God saw that they acted so madly, he did not resolve to destroy them utterly, since they were not grown wiser by the destruction of the former sinners in the Flood; but he caused a tumult among them, by producing in them diverse languages, and causing that, through the multitude of those languages, they should not be able to understand one another. The place wherein they built the tower is now called Babylon, because of the confusion of that language which they readily understood before; for the Hebrews mean by the word Babel, confusion. The Sibyl also makes mention of this tower, and of the confusion of the language, when she says thus:—'When all men were of one language, some of them built a high tower, as if they would thereby ascend up to heaven; but the gods sent storms of wind and overthrew the tower, and gave everyone a peculiar language; and for this reason it was that the city was called Babylon.' Greek Apocalypse of Baruch(or 3 Baruch, c. 2nd century), one of the, describes the just rewards of sinners and the righteous in the afterlife.

Among the sinners are those who instigated the Tower of Babel. In the account, Baruch is first taken (in a vision) to see the resting place of the souls of 'those who built the tower of strife against God, and the Lord banished them.' Next he is shown another place, and there, occupying the form of dogs,Those who gave counsel to build the tower, for they whom thou seest drove forth multitudes of both men and women, to make bricks; among whom, a woman making bricks was not allowed to be released in the hour of child-birth, but brought forth while she was making bricks, and carried her child in her apron, and continued to make bricks. And the Lord appeared to them and confused their speech, when they had built the tower to the height of four hundred and sixty-three cubits. And they took a, and sought to pierce the heavens, saying, Let us see (whether) the heaven is made of clay, or of brass, or of iron. When God saw this He did not permit them, but smote them with blindness and confusion of speech, and rendered them as thou seest. (Greek Apocalypse of Baruch, 3:5–8) Midrashoffers many different accounts of other causes for building the Tower of Babel, and of the intentions of its builders.

According to one midrash the builders of the Tower, called 'the generation of secession' in the Jewish sources, said: 'God has no right to choose the upper world for Himself, and to leave the lower world to us; therefore we will build us a tower, with an idol on the top holding a sword, so that it may appear as if it intended to war with God' (; Tan., ed. Buber, Noah, xxvii. Et seq.).The building of the Tower was meant to bid defiance not only to God, but also to Abraham, who exhorted the builders to reverence. The passage mentions that the builders spoke sharp words against God, saying that once every 1,656 years, heaven tottered so that the water poured down upon the earth, therefore they would support it by columns that there might not be another deluge (Gen. L.c.; similarly Josephus, 'Ant.' 4, § 2).Some among that generation even wanted to war against God in heaven (Talmud Sanhedrin 109a). They were encouraged in this undertaking by the notion that arrows that they shot into the sky fell back dripping with blood, so that the people really believed that they could wage war against the inhabitants of the heavens (, Chapter 9:12–36).

According to Josephus and Midrash Pirke R. Xxiv., it was mainly Nimrod who persuaded his contemporaries to build the Tower, while other rabbinical sources assert, on the contrary, that Nimrod separated from the builders.According to another midrashic account, one third of the Tower builders were punished by being transformed into semi-demonic creatures and banished into three parallel dimensions, inhabited now by their descendants. Islamic tradition.

FromAlthough not mentioned by name, the has a story with similarities to the biblical story of the Tower of Babel, although set in the Egypt of Moses: asks to build him a stone (or clay) tower so that he can mount up to heaven and confront the of Moses.Another story in:102 mentions the name of, but tells of when the two angels taught magic to some people in Babylon and warned them that magic is a sin and that their teaching them magic is a test of faith.A tale about Babil appears more fully in the writings of (i, 448 f.) and the (xiii. 72), but without the tower: mankind were swept together by winds into the plain that was afterward called 'Babil', where they were assigned their separate languages by God, and were then scattered again in the same way. In the by the 9th-century Muslim theologian, a fuller version is given: Nimrod has the tower built in Babil, God destroys it, and the language of mankind, formerly, is then confused into 72 languages. Another Muslim historian of the 13th century, relates the same story, adding that the patriarch (an ancestor of Abraham) was allowed to keep the original tongue, in this case, because he would not partake in the building.Although variations similar to the biblical narrative of the Tower of Babel exist within Islamic tradition, the central theme of God separating humankind on the basis of language is alien to Islam according to the author. In Islamic belief, he argues, God created nations to know each other and not to be separated. Book of MormonIn the, a man named and his family ask God that their language not be confounded at the time of the Tower of Babel.

Because of their prayers, God preserves their language and leads them to the. From there, they travel across the sea to the Americas.teaches that the Tower of Babel story is historical fact. 'Although there are many in our day who consider the accounts of the Flood and tower of Babel to be fiction, Latter-day Saints affirm their reality.'

Confusion of tongues. The Confusion of Tongues by, a depicting the Tower of BabelThe confusion of tongues ( confusio linguarum) is the origin myth for the fragmentation of human languages described in, as a result of the construction of the Tower of Babel. Prior to this event, humanity was stated to speak a single language. The preceding states that the decedents of, and dispersed 'with their own tongues,' creating an apparent contradiction. Scholars have been debating or explaining this apparent contradiction for centuries.During the Middle Ages, the was widely considered the language used by God to address in, and by Adam as lawgiver (the ) by various Jewish, Christian, and Muslim scholastics.addresses the topic in his (1302-1305).

He argues that the Adamic language is of divine origin and therefore unchangeable. He also notes that according to Genesis, the first speech act is due to Eve, addressing, and not to Adam.In his (c.

1308-1320), however, Dante changes his view to another that treats the Adamic language as the product of Adam. This had the consequence that it could no longer be regarded as immutable, and hence Hebrew could not be regarded as identical with the language of Paradise. Dante concludes ( Paradiso XXVI) that Hebrew is a derivative of the language of Adam. In particular, the chief Hebrew name for God in scholastic tradition, must be derived of a different Adamic name for God, which Dante gives as.Before the acceptance of the, these languages were considered to be ' by some authors (e.g., in 1815; see ). Beginning in Renaissance Europe, priority over Hebrew was claimed for the alleged Japhetic languages, which were supposedly never corrupted because their speakers had not participated in the construction of the Tower of Babel. Among the candidates for a living descendant of the Adamic language were: (see ); (, 1542, 1564); (, 1569, 1612); (, 1675); (, 1641, 1641). The Swedish physician wrote a satirical tract in 1688, where he made fun of the contest between the European nationalists to claim their native tongue as the Adamic language.

Caricaturing the attempts by the Swede Olaus Rudbeck to pronounce Swedish the original language of mankind, Kempe wrote a scathing where Adam spoke, God spoke Swedish, and the serpent.The primacy of Hebrew was still defended by some authors until the emergence of modern linguistics in the second half of the 18th century, e.g. By (1648–1705) in A philosophicall essay for the reunion of the languages, or, the art of knowing all by the mastery of one (1675) and by Gottfried Hensel (1687–1767) in his (1741).Linguistics.

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